Difference between revisions of "Planting list"

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=== Canopy trees ===
 
=== Canopy trees ===
  
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Walnut (''Juglans regia'' cultivars). Vulnerable to strong winds, deciduous. Pairing with a nitrogen-fixing tree (e.g. Alder) provides shelter and increased growth. Wind-pollinated, usually dioecious; nut production requires several trees of compatible cultivars.
 
Walnut (''Juglans regia'' cultivars). Vulnerable to strong winds, deciduous. Pairing with a nitrogen-fixing tree (e.g. Alder) provides shelter and increased growth. Wind-pollinated, usually dioecious; nut production requires several trees of compatible cultivars.
  
Willow (''Salix spp.''). fast-growing, wind-tolerant, deciduous. Prefers proximity to waterways. Can be invasive if left unattended; on the other hand canes can be planted in winter and grown into hedges, fences, and archways. Crop: canes, spring.
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Willow (''Salix spp.''). Fast-growing, wind-tolerant, deciduous. Prefers proximity to waterways. Can be invasive if left unattended; on the other hand canes can be planted in winter and grown into hedges, fences, and archways. Crop: canes, spring.
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Mulberry (''Morus spp.''). Large, wind-tolerant shelter and shade tree. Crop: mulberries - abundant, blackberry-like fruit.
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Pittosporum (''Pittosporum spp.''). Wind-tolerant, evergreen, hedge-forming, NZ native.
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Stone pine (''Pinus pinea''). Slow growing, eventually very tall pine. Crop: pine nuts.
  
 
=== Sub-canopy small trees ===
 
=== Sub-canopy small trees ===
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Feijoa (''Acca sellowiana''). Wind-tolerant, evergreen. Bees: flowers mid-late summer. Crop: feijoas, late autumn; optimum fruiting requires 2-3 varieties.
 
Feijoa (''Acca sellowiana''). Wind-tolerant, evergreen. Bees: flowers mid-late summer. Crop: feijoas, late autumn; optimum fruiting requires 2-3 varieties.
  
=== Small woody shrub layer ===
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Cherry Guava (''Psidium cattleianum''). Evergreen. May be invasive if unchecked by frosts (check with DoC). Crop: fragrant red fruit, like feijoa but smaller and more sour.
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All the orchard fruit species - apples, pears, stonefruit. Sturdy heirloom species preferred for pest resistance, growth (increase yield with a co-planting guild - nitrofixers and mineral miners). Black Doris, Billington, greengage; Bramley's Seedling. Crabapple pollenators.
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=== Woody shrub layer ===
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Rocoto Chilli (''Capsicum pubescens''). 10-15 years, mildly frost tolerant. Chillies, mid-late autumn, black seeds. Very hot, thick fleshy skins.<ref>DeWitt, D., Bosland, P.W. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/complete-chile-pepper-book/oclc/310224857 The Complete Chile Pepper Book]. 2009, Timber Press.</ref>
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Cedrón/Lemon Verbena (''Aloysia citrodora''). 15+ years, mildly frost tolerant. Flowering bee plant. Crop: leaves and shoots as tea, dried or fresh.
  
Rocoto Chilli (''Capsicum pubescens''). 10-15 years, mildly frost tolerant. Chillies, mid-late autumn, black seeds. Very hot, thick fleshy skins.<ref>DeWitt, D., Bosland, P.W. [https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=90M5Tw0530gC&lpg=PA19&dq=rocoto%20pepper%20cultivars&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q=rocoto%20pepper%20cultivars&f=false The Complete Chile Pepper Book]. 2009, Timber Press.</ref>
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Chilean Guava (''Ugni molinae''). 1-2m tall, evergreen, small glossy leaves. Crop: small red cranberry-like guava fruits, autumn.
  
Lemon Verbena (''Aloysia citrodora''). 15+ years, mildly frost tolerant. Leaves and shoots for tea, flowering bee plant.
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Tree Tomato/Tamarillo (''Solanum betaceum''). More a small tree, 1.5 - 2m. Short-lived, 4-8 years. Hardy, salt tolerant. Crop: fruit, tree tomatoes. Orange variety is sweeter.
  
Redcurrant & Blackcurrant
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Redcurrant (''Ribes rubrum''), Blackcurrant (''R. nigrum''). Deciduous shrubs 1 - 1.5m. Full sun. Crop: berries. Requires bird netting to get any decent harvest.
  
 
=== Climbers ===
 
=== Climbers ===
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Scarlet Runner Beans (''Phaseolus coccineus''). Perennial, 10+ years. Dies off each winter and re-sprouts from root tuber. Fixes nitrogen. Bees: all summer. Crop: runner beans.
 
Scarlet Runner Beans (''Phaseolus coccineus''). Perennial, 10+ years. Dies off each winter and re-sprouts from root tuber. Fixes nitrogen. Bees: all summer. Crop: runner beans.
  
Passionfruit.
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Passionfruit (''Passiflora edulis''). Short-lived, fast growing, requires at least partial sun, relative shelter. Not drought-tolerant.
  
Rose - thornless old-fashioned rambler varieties. wind-tolerant, deciduous. Bees: flowers late spring - early summer. Crop: rose-hips high in vitamin C. Flowers.
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Kiwiberry/Hardy Kiwi (''Actinidia arguta''). Very hardy, wind-tolerant, fast growing. Crop: bunches of small 3-4cm smooth-skinned kiwifruit.
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Banksia Rose - thornless, old-fashioned rambler. Fast-growing, wind-tolerant. Bees: abundant yellow flowers late spring - early summer. Crop: rose-hips high in vitamin C.
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Grape (''Vitis vinifera''). Wind-tolerant, hardy, deciduous. Muscat grows well in Wellington/Kapiti.
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=== Herbaceous crops ===
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Rhubarb, culinary herbs, perennial leek, Welsh onion, three-cornered leek, Good King Henry, Kale, perpetual spinach, Turkish rocket, chicory, loveage, mallow, ... most of the things in ch. 15 of the "Creating A Forest Garden" book, that aren't invasive in New Zealand.<ref>Crawford, M. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/creating-a-forest-garden/oclc/489636893 Creating A Forest Garden]. 2010, Green Books.</ref>
  
 
=== Ground Cover ===
 
=== Ground Cover ===
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Thyme.
 
Thyme.
  
Strawberries. Not trample-tolerant but can provide cover on litter and dampen out other weeds. Will spread by vegetative propagation in autumn, but easily shifted.
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Strawberries. Not trample-tolerant but can provide cover on litter and suppress other weeds. Will spread by vegetative propagation in autumn, but easily shifted.
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Nepalese raspberry, orangeberry (''Rubus spp.''). Slow-growing, thornless, non-invasive bramble species. Crop: small raspberries. Trample-tolerant.
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=== Root species ===
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Yam/Oca (''Oxalis tuberosa''). Root crop.
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Jerusalem artichoke (''Helianthus tuberosus''). Root crop. Tall sunflower relative, 1.5 - 2.5m. Flatulent.
  
Nepalese raspberry. Slow-growing, non-invasive bramble species. Thornless. Crop: small raspberries. Moderately trample-tolerant.
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Comfrey. Mineral accumulator. Taproot up to 4m long mines zinc, magnesium, iron etc. from subsoil into leaves; crop & drop mulch. Plant around fruit tree drip line. Choose location carefully; difficult to exterminate.
  
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Chicory. Mineral accumulator. Crop: bitter leaves, root can be dug up and roasted.
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
  
 
<references/>
 
<references/>

Latest revision as of 23:19, 14 October 2015

Canopy trees

Primary functions: wind shelter, leaf litter.

Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa). Fast growing, wind tolerant, deciduous. Nitrogen fixing.

Walnut (Juglans regia cultivars). Vulnerable to strong winds, deciduous. Pairing with a nitrogen-fixing tree (e.g. Alder) provides shelter and increased growth. Wind-pollinated, usually dioecious; nut production requires several trees of compatible cultivars.

Willow (Salix spp.). Fast-growing, wind-tolerant, deciduous. Prefers proximity to waterways. Can be invasive if left unattended; on the other hand canes can be planted in winter and grown into hedges, fences, and archways. Crop: canes, spring.

Mulberry (Morus spp.). Large, wind-tolerant shelter and shade tree. Crop: mulberries - abundant, blackberry-like fruit.

Pittosporum (Pittosporum spp.). Wind-tolerant, evergreen, hedge-forming, NZ native.

Stone pine (Pinus pinea). Slow growing, eventually very tall pine. Crop: pine nuts.

Sub-canopy small trees

Hazelnut (Corylus spp.). Prefers waterways. Wind-tolerant, deciduous. Wind-pollinated, usually dioecious. Crop: hazelnuts, late summer; production requires several trees of compatible cultivars.

Feijoa (Acca sellowiana). Wind-tolerant, evergreen. Bees: flowers mid-late summer. Crop: feijoas, late autumn; optimum fruiting requires 2-3 varieties.

Cherry Guava (Psidium cattleianum). Evergreen. May be invasive if unchecked by frosts (check with DoC). Crop: fragrant red fruit, like feijoa but smaller and more sour.

All the orchard fruit species - apples, pears, stonefruit. Sturdy heirloom species preferred for pest resistance, growth (increase yield with a co-planting guild - nitrofixers and mineral miners). Black Doris, Billington, greengage; Bramley's Seedling. Crabapple pollenators.

Woody shrub layer

Rocoto Chilli (Capsicum pubescens). 10-15 years, mildly frost tolerant. Chillies, mid-late autumn, black seeds. Very hot, thick fleshy skins.[1]

Cedrón/Lemon Verbena (Aloysia citrodora). 15+ years, mildly frost tolerant. Flowering bee plant. Crop: leaves and shoots as tea, dried or fresh.

Chilean Guava (Ugni molinae). 1-2m tall, evergreen, small glossy leaves. Crop: small red cranberry-like guava fruits, autumn.

Tree Tomato/Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum). More a small tree, 1.5 - 2m. Short-lived, 4-8 years. Hardy, salt tolerant. Crop: fruit, tree tomatoes. Orange variety is sweeter.

Redcurrant (Ribes rubrum), Blackcurrant (R. nigrum). Deciduous shrubs 1 - 1.5m. Full sun. Crop: berries. Requires bird netting to get any decent harvest.

Climbers

Scarlet Runner Beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Perennial, 10+ years. Dies off each winter and re-sprouts from root tuber. Fixes nitrogen. Bees: all summer. Crop: runner beans.

Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis). Short-lived, fast growing, requires at least partial sun, relative shelter. Not drought-tolerant.

Kiwiberry/Hardy Kiwi (Actinidia arguta). Very hardy, wind-tolerant, fast growing. Crop: bunches of small 3-4cm smooth-skinned kiwifruit.

Banksia Rose - thornless, old-fashioned rambler. Fast-growing, wind-tolerant. Bees: abundant yellow flowers late spring - early summer. Crop: rose-hips high in vitamin C.

Grape (Vitis vinifera). Wind-tolerant, hardy, deciduous. Muscat grows well in Wellington/Kapiti.

Herbaceous crops

Rhubarb, culinary herbs, perennial leek, Welsh onion, three-cornered leek, Good King Henry, Kale, perpetual spinach, Turkish rocket, chicory, loveage, mallow, ... most of the things in ch. 15 of the "Creating A Forest Garden" book, that aren't invasive in New Zealand.[2]

Ground Cover

Peppermint. Less vigorous, slower-growing, less invasive than common mint. Bees: all summer and autumn. Crop: peppermint leaves. Somewhat trample-tolerant.

Nasturtium. Dominant but easily controlled. It's about the only thing that can out-compete bindweed (Convolvulus spp.). Fixes nitrogen. Bees: flowers spring through autumn. Crop: peppery leaves, flowers.

Thyme.

Strawberries. Not trample-tolerant but can provide cover on litter and suppress other weeds. Will spread by vegetative propagation in autumn, but easily shifted.

Nepalese raspberry, orangeberry (Rubus spp.). Slow-growing, thornless, non-invasive bramble species. Crop: small raspberries. Trample-tolerant.

Root species

Yam/Oca (Oxalis tuberosa). Root crop.

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Root crop. Tall sunflower relative, 1.5 - 2.5m. Flatulent.

Comfrey. Mineral accumulator. Taproot up to 4m long mines zinc, magnesium, iron etc. from subsoil into leaves; crop & drop mulch. Plant around fruit tree drip line. Choose location carefully; difficult to exterminate.

Chicory. Mineral accumulator. Crop: bitter leaves, root can be dug up and roasted.

References

  1. DeWitt, D., Bosland, P.W. The Complete Chile Pepper Book. 2009, Timber Press.
  2. Crawford, M. Creating A Forest Garden. 2010, Green Books.